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Jacob eventually had twelve sons who later became the twelve tribes of Israel, most predominantly Judah and Benjamin. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Kingdom of Israel: Extremist Rabbis Dream of Jewish Monarchy, With a Special Role for non-Jews . He vigorously prosecuted the war with Damascus, but internal opposition by internal religious forces grew stronger. The fourth traces the decline of the Kingdom of Israel until its fall during the Assyrian invasion of 722 B.C.E.. (See chart, below.) Shopping. (1 Kings 16:31). For this period, most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronology of Gershon Galil, all of which are shown below. 406-410 for discussion of archaeological significance of Shomron (, Considered to be a contemporary of the Assyrian King, Prise de Jérusalem par Hérode le Grand.jpg, About Israel - The Information Center About Israel, https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)?oldid=125089, (also called Eshba'al or Ashba'al or Ishbaal). Tap to unmute. He had golden calves erected for the people to represent their "god." David chose the Canaanite city of Jerusalem as his capital and is said to have had the Ark of the Covenant moved there. The conflict between Israel and Judah was resolved when Jehoshaphat, King of Judah, allied himself with the house of Ahab through marriage. For the first sixty years, the kings of Judah tried to re-establish their authority over the northern kingdom, and there was perpetual war between them. But very soon after the tribe of Benjamin joined Judah. The territory of the Kingdom of Israel comprised the territories of the tribes of Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad. F You Shepherd of Israel, hear: Du Hirte Israel, höre [J. S. Bach, BWV 104] lit. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Pekah was assassinated by Hoshea. 2 Chronicles 15:9[10] also says that members of the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh and Simeon fled to Judah during the reign of Asa of Judah. However, the sons of Ahab were slaughtered by Jehu following his coup d'état around 840 BCE. Share. Despite his friendship with Jerusalem, Ahab's marriage to Jezebel and his reported willingness to honor the Phoenician deity Baal brought religious strife with Yahwist elements centering on the powerful itinerant prophets Elijah and Elisha, whose opposition eventually proved fatal to the promise of the Omrian dynasty. The largest Christian church in the world today functions in much the same way as Israel’s … The Israelites formed their capital in the city of Samaria, and the Judaeans kept their capital in Jerusalem. His erection of these sites, designed to create national cohesion and provide convenient access for pilgrims, earned him the enduring enmity of the Jerusalem priesthood and the biblical authors. Omri established a powerful dynasty and made Israel into a major regional power. There are no contemporary extra-biblical references to the leaders of the United Kingdom. ][12] King Omri built his capital in Samaria (16:24), which continued as such until the destruction of the Kingdom by the Assyrians (2 Kings 17:5). 7:9). Israel's communication system is one of the best in the Middle East. The people appealed to the prophet-judge Samuel for a king, after Samuel's sons misused their inherited offices. The Kingdom of Israel may refer to any of the historical kingdoms of ancient Israel, including: After the death of Hazael, Assyria moved against Damascus again. Shechem was the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel. Jeroboam's son Zachariah was assassinated by Shallum, beginning a period of instability and decline. For the following eighty years, there was no open war between them, and, for the most part, they were in friendly alliance, co-operating against their common enemies, especially against Damascus. The author of the Book of Kings presents the history of the Northern Kingdom primarily as a manifestation of the struggle between the One-God principle and idolatry. Map of Israel, Judah, and other Iron Age Kingdoms. Samuel, a High Priest of the Hebrew tribes in Canaan, was assigned with the responsibility of selecting a king. Israel continued to exist within the reduced territory as an independent kingdom until around 720 BCE, when it was again invaded by Assyria and the rest of the population deported. The history of the Northern Kingdom will be divided into four segments. According to the first book of Samuel, due to his disobedience to God, Saul's reign was curtailed and his kingdom given to another dynasty. The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: ממלכת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Modern Mamlechet Yisraʼel Tiberian Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʼēl)) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel'). Israel was initially at a disadvantage against Judah due a lack of a standing army and also because of internal strife. It was a union of all the twelve Israelite tribes living in the area that presently approximates modern Israel and the Palestinian territories. The House of Jehu, brought to power on the foundation of the ministry of the prophets Elijah and Elisha, receives praise for destroying Baal worship. The United Monarchy is the name given to the Israelite kingdom of Israel and Judah, during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon, as depicted in the Hebrew Bible.This is traditionally dated between 1050 and 930 BCE. Kingdom of Bahrain: Königreich {n} Bahrain: hist. Communications. to 907 B.C., was the founder of the kingdom, which, according to legend, united ten of the 12 tribes of Israel and Judah, and which occupied greater and more fertile territory than the southern kingdom of Judah. In the biblical account, the Hebrew people, were led by the Patriarchs and later by Judges prior to the establishment of the kingdom. Traditionally, the nation of Israel formed as the Israelites left Egypt during the Exodus and conquered Canaan under Joshua's leadership. The Hebrew people who were settled in Canaan after the Exodus met with frequent clashes from enemy tribes based around their new areas of residence. The first begins with the rebellion of Jeroboam and ends with the ascension of the Omrian dynasty. The Bible describes the next king, Shlomo, or Solomon, as a leader of great wisdom who expanded the United Kingdom into a great empire and constructed a glorious national Temple in Jerusalem. Around 1030-1020 B.C.E., Saul became the first king of Israel. During this time David captured the strategic Jebusite town of Jerusalem and made it his capital. Thereafter he continued to reign while the young and future king David gained fame among the southern tribes as a bandit leader of heroic proportions. Tiglath-Pilesar also captured the territory of Naphtali and the city of Janoah in Ephraim and an Assyrian governor was placed over the region of Naphtali. Map Included. Whether or not one accepts the spiritual veracity of the biblical version of providential history, it can hardly be denied that this account favors Judah over Israel, and that it presents the viewpoint of the Jerusalem priesthood at the expense of the monarchs and religious institutions of the Northern Kingdom. Both Eusebius and Josephus place the division in 997 BCE - lunar dates of Venus can be mistaken as 64 years earlier. The events took place in the 8th century BC. For hundreds of years, Israel was a unified nation under King Saul, Israel’s first king. The Assyrians brought various eastern peoples to colonize lands vacated by the deportees. The deported communities are mentioned as still existing at the time of the composition of the books of Kings and Chronicles and did not disappear by assimilation. Because we have only the highly pro-Solomonic biblical account to inform us, we do not know what extent the northern tribes retained independence or resisted Solomon's rule. Israel was just one nation, a single people group, but the church is made up of people from every tribe and nation (Rev. The Divided Kingdom of Israel (Sandra Richter) - YouTube. Shallum was soon put him to death by an army officer, Menahem. Israel developed into a united kingdom under the leadership of King David (c.1035-970 BCE) who consolidated the various tribes under his single rule (having taken over from Israel’s first king, Saul, who ruled c. 1080-1010 BCE). Zimri's reign was short-lived, however, and of the two leaders who competed to succeed him, the military general Omri soon emerged victorious. [7] Rehoboam fled to Jerusalem,[8][9] and in 930 BCE (some date it in 920 BCE), Jeroboam was proclaimed king over all Israel at Shechem. Deportation of the Northern Kingdom by the Assyrian Empire. Their first king was Jeroboam, an Ephraimite; he was followed later by such kings as Omri and Ahab (who ruled with his Phoenician wife Jezebel). The Masoretic Textreads that Saul ruled for only two years, although some early manuscripts read forty-two years (cf. An artist's depiction of a royal palace in the Kingdom of Israel. A natural leader of uncommonly tall physical stature, he gained important military victories against Israel's traditional enemies, the Philistines and Amalekites. - 1020 B.C.E., enduring until it fell to the Assyrian empire in 722 B.C.E.. The 20 Davidic Monarchs and the Southern Kingdom of Israel . Israel, either of two political units in the Old Testament: the united kingdom of Israel under the kings Saul, David, and Solomon that lasted from about 1020 to 922 bc; or the northern kingdom of Israel, including the territories of the 10 northern tribes (i.e., all except Judah and part of Benjamin), that was established in 922 bc as the result of a revolt led by Jeroboam I. The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malkut Yisrael) was the kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1030 B.C.E. For the original kingdom of Saul, David, and Solomon, see United Kingdom of Israel.For the modern state, see Israel.. Info. After Ahaz paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser[15] Tiglath-Pileser sacked Damascus and Israel, annexing Aram[16] and territory of the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh in Gilead including the desert outposts of Jetur, Naphish and Nodab. However, he faced several rebellions, in which elements of the northern tribes joined. Critical scholars wonder if the bull calf statue was the real issue, or whether it was more likely one of control. "Northern Kingdom" redirects here. The northern tribes of Ephraim and Benjamin made Saul's son Ish-Bosheth their king in the town of Mahanaim, probably near the Jabbock River. Its capital was the city of Jerusalem. Our primary sources for the history of the Northern Kingdom are the biblical books of Samuel, Chronicles, and especially Kings, together with occasional historical references in the prophets and other biblical books. Miraculous Journey takes you on a 700-page tour of Jewish history, all in one volume, from Creation to President Obama. Affluence gave rise to moral corruption, which was eloquently decried in the oracles of the literary prophets Amos and Hosea. Kingdom of Judah; Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) Talk:Phoenician language; Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) Talk:History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel; History of the Jews in Carthage; User:Big guy yitzhaki/sandbox; Verwendung auf es.wikipedia.org Usuario:Calimeronte/taller; Verwendung auf et.wikipedia.org Kaanan; Iisraeli kuningate loend When Assyrian campaigns against Damascus waned, however, Hazael prevailed against both Israel and Judah. He ended the fratricidal war with Judah and established a friendship with the Phoenician power of Tyre, sealed by a marriage between his son Ahab and the Tyrian princess Jezebel. After the death of Solomon in about 931 BCE, all the Israelite tribes except for Judah and Benjamin (called the ten northern tribes) refused to accept Rehoboam, the son and successor of Solomon, as their king. He built an impressive new capital, the strategically located town of Samaria in central Palestine, increasing his control of overland trade and providing good access to the Mediterranean. Ten tribes of Israel go to Jeroboam. His reign is portrayed as a time of unprecedented peace, power, and prosperity for Israel. 2 Chronicles 30:1-11[18] explicitly mentions northern Israelites who had been spared by the Assyrians in particular people of Dan, Ephraim, Manasseh, Asher and Zebulun and how members of the latter three returned to worship at the Temple in Jerusalem during the reign of Hezekiah. But, there is one significant difference. Ten tribes formed the northern kingdom, with headquarters at Shechem in Samaria. The Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah were two related Israelite kingdoms from the Iron Age period of the ancient Southern Levant. This, together with the advantage of a greater population and better natural resources than landlocked Judah, enabled him to strengthen Israel's position. Just as important, they must not continue the "sin of [the first] Jeroboam," namely to support the Israelite shrines at Bethel and Dan with their golden calf statues. Israelite kingdom of Israel and Judah, during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon, c. 1050-930 BCE (1 Kings 12:26-29), Ahab allowed the cult worship of Baal to become an acceptable religion of the kingdom. Jeroboam, who was not of the Davidic line, was sent for from Egypt by the malcontents. They call it a theoretical work, but liberal rabbis fear it may serve as a … By Yosef Eisen. The capital fell to an Assyrian siege in 722. The recorded history differs from this fable: No record exists of the Assyrians having exiled people from Dan, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun or western Manasseh. For the first sixty years, the kings of Judah tried to re-establish their authority over the northern kingdom, and there was perpetual war between them. According to 2 Kings 16:9 and 15:29, the population of Aram and the annexed part of Israel was deported to Assyria. Israel could no longer avoid the Assyrians. The first, that of Yahweh detailed in the Hebrew Bible, and the second the cult of Baal as detailed in the so-called "Baal cycle" discovered at Ugarit. According to the Bible, the united kingdom of Solomon was divided after his death in ca.931.His son Rehoboam, we are told, increased the taxes, and provoked a rebellion of the ten northern tribes. Ten Lost Tribes of Israel: Verlorene Stämme Israels {pl} mus. Jeroboam I, who ruled from 928 B.C. The northern kingdom continued to be called the Kingdom of Israel or Israel, while the southern kingdom was called the kingdom of Judah. He took 27,290 people captive from the city of Samaria resettling some with the Israelites in the Habor region and the rest in the land of the Medes thus establishing Jewish communities in Ecbatana and Rages. Baasha moved the capital from Schechem to Tirzah and made a treaty with Damascus. Israel reached the zenith of its power after the ascension of Jeroboam II (c. 783), who recaptured substantial Syrian and transjordanian territories and made Israel an even greater power than it had been in the days of the Omrian dynasty. Eigenes Werk, translated from File:Kingdom of Israel 1020 map.svg. In this scenario, none of Israel's kings does the right thing. It is recorded that Jeroboam built two places of worship, one at Bethel and one at far northern Dan, to be an alternative to the Temple at Jerusalem. The biblical writers see the hand of God in such events as Jehu's brutal murder of Ahab's family and the mass slaughter of the prophet-priests of Baal by Elijah and later again by Jehu. Despite the biblical portrayal of a vast united empire under King Solomon, Jerusalem's control of the territory of Israel outside of Judah was minimal except for some amount of taxation and forced labor. the New Testament, which gives him a reign of forty ye… Israel has three major deepwater ports: Haifa, Ashdod, and Eilat. After the revolt at Shechem at first only the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the house of David. Jehu appealed to Shalmaneser III of Assyria, an act memorialized in the Black Obeslisk unearthed in northern Iraq. Some 27,000 of its inhabitants were reportedly deported, and the district of Samaria became an Assyrian province. The Bible relates that the population of Israel was exiled, becoming known as the The Ten Lost Tribes. theatre F Eli: A Mystery Play of the Sufferings of Israel: Eli. Baasha's son Elah (888) was slain in a military coup led by the cavalry commander Zimri. Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels [Nelly Sachs] geogr. Later, Jehosophat's son and successor, Jehoram of Judah, married Ahab's daughter Athaliah, cementing the alliance. Contemporary scholars are supscious of the biblical story's historical accuracy, seeing it as an glorified account with numerous exaggerations and anachronisms. Civilization Bonuses and Unique Units Strategy; The Kingdom of Israel is one of the civilizations playable in Empire Earth.They are a civilization aimed towards the Prehistoric and Dark ages. They soon decided that they needed a military leader, namely a king, to consolidate their kingdom, and act as a leader of their people. The harsh labor policy of Solomon's son, Rehoboam, gave the northern tribes a strong reason to coalesce under the leadership of Jeroboam I. Jeroboam united the northern tribes and created or expanded two major religious shrines, one in the northern district of Dan, the other just a few miles north of Jerusalem at Bethel. The remainder of the northern kingdom was conquered by Sargon II, who captured the capital city Samaria in the territory of Ephraim. For this period, most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronologies of Gershon Galil and Kenneth Kitchen, all of which are shown below. His son, Pekahiah, ruled only briefly. However, this external glory was short-lived. I. the kingdom.--The prophet Ahijah of Shiloh, who was commissioned in the latter days of Solomon to announce the division of the kingdom, left one tribe (Judah) to the house of David, and assigned ten to Jeroboam. The religious climate of the Kingdom of Israel appears to have followed two major trends. A civil war between David's forces and the northern tribes supporting Ish-Bosheth raged intermittently, ending as the northern military commander, Abner, switched sides and assassins soon closed in on Ish-Bosheth. According to the Book of Samuel, he ruled with God's approval for only two years, due to his disobedience in failing to complete the slaughter of the Amalekites. This half of the country became the northern kingdom containing its capital Samaria and the other ten tribes. When war with Damascus broke out again, and Ahab died battle at Ramoth-Gilead. The second begins with Omri and ends with the coup by Jehu. God provides a final chance for repentance during the days of Jeroboam II through the prophecies of Amos and Hosea. Critics also argue that the biblical account represses feminine depictions of the Divine, portraying God as masculine and furiously warlike, while denouncing feminine symbols of God as idolatrous. They must also avoid any hint of worshiping other deities, and must aggressively move to destroy Canaanite religions other than Yahwism. [1][2] It has also been referred to as "Israel in Samaria".[3]. Soon after seizing power, Jehu found himself in trouble with than Elisha's other recently anointed king, Hazael of Damascus. [6] The Tribe of Ephraim and all Israel raised the old cry, "Every man to his tents, O Israel". Israel was a kingdom of priests, and now the church is a kingdom of priests. In the Hebrew Bible, the Kingdom of Israel has been referred to as "House of Joseph". He embarked on successful military campaigns against Israel's enemies, creating more secure borders. List of the Kings of Israel, Judah, and Assyria. (17:5). Pekah allied with Damascus against both Assyria and Judah. He defended Israel against the threat from Damascus and eventually forged an alliance with Judah and Damascus against the growing Assyrian power of Shalmaneser II. Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Israel&oldid=1010764, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Miller, J. Maxwell. The second begins with Omri and ends with the coup by Jehu. He also struck against Judah, where he reportedly sacked Jerusalem and looted its Temple (2 Kings 14). Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Kingdom Of Israel. Against Judah he had some success, but the Assyrians succeeded in annexing the Galilee. The Book of Tobit additionally records that Sargon had taken other captives from the northern kingdom to the Assyrian capital of Nineveh, in particular Tobit from the town of Thisbe in Naphtali. Those who honor Yahweh, Israel's God, do well. Jerusalem was the capital of the United Kingdom. Political fortunes rise and fall according to whether various kings do "what is right" in the Lord's eyes or not. There is little to suggest that inhabitants of the territory known as "Israel" had acted together previously except in opposition to the house of David. During the three-year siege of Samaria by the Assyrians, Shalmaneser V died and was succeeded by Sargon II of Assyria, who himself records the capture of that city thus: "Samaria I looked at, I captured; 27,280 men who dwelt in it I carried away" into Assyria. However, when King Asa of Judah influenced the Arameans to break with Baasha, Israel lost fertile lands northwest of the Sea of Galilee as well as militarily significant southern high ground. Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) • Jeroboam's Revolt 930 BCE • Assyrian exile Omri also consolidated Israel politically and resisted both Damascus to the north and the Moabites to the south. It existed roughly from the 930s BC until about the 720s BC, when the kingdom was conquered by the Assyrian Empire. From this point on, there would be two kingdoms of Hebrews: in the north - Israel, and in the south - Judah. In declaring "Here are your 'gods' (Elohim), O Israel" was Jeroboam I truly denying Yahweh/Elohim, or was he merely declaring that the God of Israel (Elohim) could be worshiped just as well at Dan and Bethel as in Jerusalem? The third begins with Jehu and ends with Menahem. These and later arrivals at times intermarried with the remaining Israelites to form the mixed-blood people later known as Samaritans. His wife Jezebel was a devotee to Baal worship. When Israel refuses to change her ways, the prophetic doom pronounced by these oracles comes to pass in the form of the final Assyrian victory over Israel in 722 B.C.E.. These acts became known as the way of Jeroboam or the sins of Jeroboam. Historians often refer to ancient Israel as the Northern Kingdom to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah. Israel has about 30 daily newspapers, about half of which are in Hebrew. These are histories with a religious agenda and are not accepted uncritically by historians. The notion of kingship was for a long time resisted, viewed as putting a man a position of reverence and power reserved for God. The history of the Northern Kingdom will be divided into four segments. An alternative theory based on recent archaeological evidence suggests a more gradual evolution of a national identity as semi-nomadic Hebrew-Canaanite clans affiliated and became the nation of Israel. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah, Louisville KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1986, Thiele, Edwin R. The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic & Professional; Reprint edition, 1994. However, other writers estimate that only a fifth of the population (about 40,000) were actually resettled out of the area during the two deportation periods under Tiglath-Pileser III and Sargon II. Ahab's son Ahaziah died soon after his accession and succeeded by his brother Joram (853). The kingdom of Israel was formed after the breakup of the united kingdom of Israel and Judah. One might see an analogy in a history of the American Civil war written by an adamant northern abolitionist. The deportees were scattered throughout the East. In medieval Rabbinic fable the concept of the ten tribes who were taken away from the House of David (who continued the rule of the southern kingdom of Judah) becomes confounded with accounts of the Assyrian deportations leading to the myth of the "Ten Lost Tribes". The first begins with the rebellion of Jeroboam and ends with the ascension of the Omrian dynasty. The biblical numbers regarding the size of cities and armies are generally much larger than those suggested by the archaeological evidence. Tribe of Judah. Copy link. Under Jehu's son Jehoahaz, Israel was reduced to a vassal state of Damascus. In Art of Conquest they gain the ability of invisible Priests.They are not seen in any of … The rule of Jeroboam's tribe, Ephraim, became unpopular; and his son Nadab (913) was slain by the usurper Baasha, of the tribe Issachar (911). Critics point out that this biblical history of the Northern Kingdom was written by Judean priests, men who were loyal to Jerusalem and for whom the Yahweh-only principle was paramount. Excerpt from Miraculous Journey by Yosef Eisen. This article accompanies episode 106 (“2 Samuel: Israel’s Kingdom and the Mark of the Beast”) of the podcast “Pictures of the End.” You can listen to the entire episode here. if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4-0')}; The area of the Northern Kingdom of Israel fluctuated greatly, and scholars disagree as to it actual borders at any given time. Descriptions of the deportation of people from Reuben, Gad, Manasseh in Gilead, Ephraim and Naphtali indicate that only a portion of these tribes were deported and the places to which they were deported are known locations given in the accounts. For information on the Southern Kingdom, please consult the article on the Kingdom of Judah. The last king of Israel, Hoshea remained an Assyrian vassal until around 724 when the resurgence of Egypt's counterbalancing power led him to believe that revolt against Assyria could succeed. But this alone is not enough. The Divided Kingdom of Israel (Sandra Richter) Watch later. After all, the bible has no objection to the golden statues of the cherubim that occupied a place of honor in the Temple of Jerusalem.

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