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Elle est considérée comme le meilleur exemple de ce type d’église. Armenia had just adopted Christianity as a state religion (the first in world history). Son plan cruciforme à quatre absides et coupole centrale soutenue par quatre piliers constitue une contribution exceptionnelle de l’architecture ecclésiastique arménienne à l’architecture chrétienne en général. La Cathédrale Sainte Etchmiadzin s’impose sur le site religieux qui occupe une grande partie de la ville, il est possible de la visiter. [2] Naghash Hovnatan painted parts of the interior between 1712 and 1721. De kathedraal is het oudste christelijke gebedshuis in Armenië, gebouwd rond 301. In the spring of 1918 the cathedral was in danger of an attack by the Turks. [95] Prior to the May 1918 Battle of Sardarabad, which took place just miles away from the cathedral, the civilian and military leadership of Armenia suggested Catholicos Gevorg (George) V to leave for Byurakan for security purposes, but he refused. [86][85] Tsitsianov's forces entered Etchmiadzin, which, according to Auguste Bontems-Lefort, a contemporary French military envoy to Persia, they looted, seriously damaging the Armenian religious buildings. L’église de Zvartnots marque véritablement l’apogée des réalisations de l’âge d’or de l’architecture arménienne (Haut Moyen-Âge) en matière de construction, de sculpture et d’arts décoratifs. Zowel de kathedraal en de kerken als de andere archeologische overblijfselen zijn een levendig toonbeeld van zowel geestelijkheid als artistiek en innovatief talent waarover de Armeense kerk vanaf het begin af aan beschikte. This page was last edited on 5 May 2018, at 06:58. [148], —Italian historian and traveler Luigi Villari, 1906[149], For many centuries, Etchmiadzin was the national and political center of the stateless Armenian people. Jump to navigation Jump to search. [7][38] Wealthy diaspora benefactors, such as Calouste Gulbenkian and Alex Manoogian, financially assisted the renovation of the cathedral. • Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin was built by Saint Gregory the Illuminatorin 301–303. The Etchmiadzin Cathedral is in the spiritual center of Armenia. Echmiadzin is monastery and a seat of supreme leader of Armenian church - Catholicos of All Armenians. [H] The Kingdom of Armenia, under Tiridates III, became the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301. Le nom d’Etchmiadzine a été utilisé avec celui de Vagharshapat après l’adoption du christianisme (en 301 après J.-C.). Si vous avez le temps, passez un moment au musée du monastère pour compléter votre approche de la culture spirituelle du pays. I'm not convinced but respect the religious views and thought of others. Thus, at the present day, the cathedral building incorporates more than one styles of architecture. Since then the cathedral has undergone a number of renovations, with Belfries being added. Hence, the patriarch gave the church and the city the new name of Echmiadzin, which may be translated as "the place where the Only Begotten de… [L] In the poem, which tells about the consequences of the Mongol and Mamluk invasions of Armenia and Cilicia, Orbelian portrays Etchmiadzin Cathedral "as a woman in mourning, contemplating her former splendor and exhorting her children to return to their homeland [...] and restore its glory. [7] In 2003 the 1700th anniversary of the consecration of the cathedral was celebrated by the Armenian Church. Since then the cathedral has undergone a number of renovations. [2], Although the seat of the Catholicos was transferred to Dvin sometime in the 460s–470s[63] or 484,[64][65] the cathedral never lost its significance and remained "one of the greatest shrines of the Armenian Church. "[2] Decades later, in 1682, Catholicos Yeghiazar constructed smaller bell towers with red tufa turrets on the southern, eastern, and northern wings. [D] According to most scholars it was the first cathedral built in ancient Armenia,[E] and is often considered the oldest cathedral in the world.[F]. [35] A major pilgrimage site, it is one of the most visited places in the country. Other members of the prominent Hovnatanian family (Hakob, Harutyun and Hovnatan) created paintings throughout the 18th century. [36] Along with several important early medieval churches located nearby, the cathedral was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. Elle compte 57 252 habitants en 20092. [133], In the 1950s, the stone floor was replaced with one of marble. [2], Close up view of the frescoes on the dome, The design of Etchmiadzin Cathedral—classified as "a four-apsed square with ciborium,"[134] and called Ejmiatsnatip "Etchmiadzin-type" in Armenian architectural historiography[62]—was not common in Armenia in the early medieval period. [62] Eli Smith wrote in 1833: "The whole of the premises are surrounded by a high wall flanked with circular towers, and have externally the appearance of a fortress. [96][97] The Armenian forces eventually repelled the Turkish offensive and set the foundation of the First Republic of Armenia. Originally, this is the most ancient sample of Christian Architecture around the world. Entre 1866 et 1882, l’abbé Vahan Bastamyan a rénové le monastère et son portail voûté, les bâtiments résidentiels destinés aux abbés et aux fidèles, et l’école, et a fondé une imprimerie. Էջմիածնի [Feast of the Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin]", "Հայրապետական աթոռի' Վաղարշապատից Դվին տեղափոխման հարցի շուրջ [About Transfer of the Patriarchal Throne to Dvin from Vagharshapat]", School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, "Արևելյան Հայաստանի միացումը Ռուսաստանին [Eastern Armenia Joining Russia]", "Եկեղեցու սեփականության բռնագրավումը Խորհրդային Հայաստանում (1920 թ. դեկտեմբեր – 1921 թ. փետրվար) [Expropriation of church in Soviet Armenia (December 1920 – February 1921)]", "Celebrating 1,700th Anniversary of the Consecration of the Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin", "His Holiness Karekin II Declares 2003 as the Year of Holy Etchmiadzin", "Գիտաժողով՝ նվիրված Սուրբ Էջմիածնի Մայր Տաճարի օծման 1700-ամյակին [Academic conference on the 1700th anniversary of the consecration of Etchmiadzin Cathedral]", "GAYRUSSIA - Равные права без компромиссов", "Խորհրդակցություն Մայր տաճարի վերականգնման հարցերի շուրջ [Consultation on the Mother Cathedral's restoration issue]", "Путешествие по весенней Армении: день первый [Journey through spring in Armenia: day first]", "Armenia: mountains, monasteries and a glimpse of the land of Noah", "Despite Ages of Captivity, The Armenians Persevere", "Շուշիի Ղազանչեցոց Ս. Ամենափրկիչ եկեղեցի [Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi]", "Բուխարեստի հայկական եկեղեցի [Armenian Church of Bucharest]", "Vazgen I, Head of Armenian Church, Dies at 85", "Ամենայն Հայոց Վեհափառ Հայրապետի կոնդակը Հայաստանի ազատ ու ինքնիշխան պետության հռչակման առթիվ", Александр Грибоедов. La ville s’est appelée successivement Artimed au cours de la dynastie Yervandunis (comme en témoigne l’historien arménien Movses Khorenatsi (Ve siècle après J.-C.)), puis Vardgesavan, et ensuite Vagharshapat, à l’époque du développement sous le règne du roi Vagharsh Ier Arshakuni (117 à 140 après J.-C.). "[155] American journalist and historian Francis Whiting Halsey described the cathedral as "the most treasured possession of the Armenian nation" and "the source of that strength which has held them together through centuries of persecution, warfare and massacre. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, This is a category about a monument in Armenia identified by the ID, Catedral de Ejmiatsin (es); Ejmiatsingo katedrala (eu); Эчмиадзинский кафедральный собор (ru); Kathedrale von Etschmiadsin (de); Эчміядзінскі кафедральны сабор (be); کلیسای جامع اچمیادزین (fa); 埃奇米阿津主教座堂 (zh); Katedraal fan Edzjmiatsin (fy); Eçmiyazin Katedrali (tr); كاتدرائيه اتشميادزينه (arz); Ечміадзинський кафедральний собор (uk); 埃奇米阿津主教座堂 (zh-hant); 埃奇米亚津 (zh-cn); Etšmiadzinin katedraali (fi); Katedralo de Eĉmiadzin (eo); Ечмијаѕинска катедрала (mk); எச்மியாட்சின் பேராலயம் (ta); cattedrale di Echmiadzin (it); Sainte-Etchmiadzin (fr); Katedrala i crkve Ečmijadzina i arheološki lokalitet Zvartnoc (hr); Kathedraal van Edzjmiatsin (nl); Catedral de Echmiatsin (pt); Ejmiatsin Katedral (da); Ečmiadzinas katedrāle (lv); Catedrala Etchmiadzin (ro); Ečmiadzino katedra (lt); Ečmiadzinska stolnica (sl); एचमियातसिन (mai); ეჩმიაძინის მონასტერი (ka); Էջմիածնի Մայր Տաճար (hy); Katedral Etchmiadzin (id); Etchmiadzin (sw); Ejmiatsin Katedral (nb); Üçkilsə kafedralı (az); 에치미아진 대성당 (ko); Ечмиадзинска катедрала (bg); Katedrala i crkve Ečmijadzina i arheološki lokalitet Zvartnoc (sh); Katedra w Eczmiadzynie (pl); Etchmiadzin Cathedral (en); كاتدرائية إتشميادزينه (ar); 埃奇米阿津主教座堂 (zh-hans); एचमियातसिन (ne) собор у Вірменії об'єкт Світової Спадщини ЮНЕСКО, є частиною Ечміадзинського монастиря (uk); kathedraal in Armenië (nl); یک کلیسای جامع حواری ارمنی واقع در شهر واغارشاپات، ارمنستان (fa); Bauwerk nahe Jerewan in Armenien (de); Հայ Առաքելական եկեղեցու Մայր տաճարը (hy); cultural heritage monument of Armenia (en); كاتدرائية في فاغارشابات، أرمينيا (ar); 世界文化遗产 (zh); byggverk i Armenia (nb) Catedral de Etchmiadzin, Catedral de Echmiadzin (es); 埃奇米亞津 (zh-hant); Ečmijadzinska katedrala, Ečmijazdinska katedrala (hr); Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին, Մայր Աթոռ, Մայր տաճար, Եկեղեցական համալիր «Մայր Աթոռ Սբ. Le bien inscrit est divisé en trois zones distinctes : la première, qui comprend la cathédrale Saint-Etchmiadzine et l’église Sainte-Gaïané, couvre une superficie d’environ 30,2 ha. Différents types d’églises à coupole centrale sont apparus au cours du Haut Moyen-Âge et se sont largement répandus en Arménie au VIIe siècle. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. L’église à coupole la plus ancienne est la cathédrale d’Etchmiadzine, construite entre 301 et 303 avant J.-C. par le roi Tiridate III (Tiridates) et Saint Grégoire l’Illuminateur. Rebuilt in 483 by Vahan Mamikonian after it was heavily damaged by a Persian invasion. It has been called "the focal point of Armenians everywhere. The cathedral is depicted on the obverse side of 50,000-dram banknote (2001). If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. 1864. [142][143], Art historian Josef Strzygowski, who was the first European to thoroughly study Armenian architecture,[144] and who placed Armenia in the center of European architecture,[145] suggested that several churches and chapels in Western Europe have been influenced by the cathedrals of Etchmiadzin and Bagaran due to similarities found within their plans. [111] In September of that year an academic conference was held at the Pontifical Residence. [89], The cathedral prospered under Russian rule, despite the suspicions that the Imperial Russian government had about Etchmiadzin becoming a "possible center of the Armenian nationalist sentiment. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is an old Armenian cathedral which is located in the city of Vagharshapat in the Armavir Province of the Republic of Armenia. source: UNESCO/ERI [53] Stepan Mnatsakanian suggested that the original building had been a "canopy erected on a cross [plan]," while architecture researcher Vahagn Grigoryan suggests what Mnatsakanian describes as an "extreme view,"[56] according to which the cathedral has been essentially in the same form as it is today. L’église actuelle, construite en tuf brun de bonne qualité, se distingue par son architecture unique. "For them the ecclesiastical Echmiadzin belongs irrevocably to the past, and even if the monastery and the cathedral are occasionally the scene of impressive ceremonies including the election of a new catholicos, this has little importance from the communist point of view," wrote Walter Kolarz in 1961. For other uses, see |Etc... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Since then the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin has been the administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church. Their work was continued by the succeeding generations of the same family (Mkrtum and Hakob) in the 19th century. تظهر كاتدرائية إتشميادزين وكنائسها بالإضافة إلى الآثار في زفانوتز تطوّر الكنيسة الكبيرة الأرمنية ذات القبة المركزية والتصميم على شكل صليب الذي كان له الأثر الكبير على التطوّر الهندسي المعماري والفني في المنطقة. In June 1804, during the Russo-Persian War (1804–13), the Russian troops led by General Pavel Tsitsianov tried to take Etchmiadzin, but failed. Une politique cohérente est menée pour présenter l’ensemble des monuments inclus dans l’inscription. "[117] Despite the fact that the cathedral was renovated many times through the centuries and some alterations were made in the 17th and 19th centuries, it retains the form of the building constructed in 483/4. Floriant Gille. Object location: 40° 09′ 42.37″ N, 44° 17′ 28.19″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth - Proximityrama: This is a category about a monument in Armenia identified by the ID. It is most richly decorated church in Armenia. According to scholars it was the first cathedral (but not the first church) built in ancient Armenia, and is considered the oldest cathedral in the world.The original church was built in the early fourth century between 301 and 303 according to tradition—by Armenia's patron saint Gregory the Illuminator, following the adoption of Christianity as a state religion by King Tiridates III. [86][87][88] According to Bontems-Lefort, the Russian behaviour at Etchmiadzin contrasted with that of the Persian king, who treated the local Christian population with respect. [2] At that time Etchmiadzin was under the control of the Turkic Kara Koyunlu, but in 1502, Safavid Iran gained control of parts of Armenia, including Etchmiadzin, and granted the Armenian Church some privileges. [2] The paintings were moved out of the cathedral by the order of Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian in 1891 and are now kept in various museums in Armenia, including the National Gallery of Armenia. The grounds are well kept and the tour staff are informative and helpful. "[2] James Bryce wrote that the cathedral is "small, that is to say, compared with its fame or importance". The core of the current building was completed in 484, with a series of renovations subsequent to being plundered in 1604. "[152] The cathedral complex has been called "Armenian Vatican" or "Armenian Mecca" as it is a major pilgrimage site for religious Armenians worldwide. According to scholars it was the first cathedral (but not the first church) built in ancient Armenia, and is considered the oldest cathedral in the world. Monastére d'Edchmiadxin. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Armenian painters created frescoes of scenes from the old testament and Armenian saints. Thx for that. [110] Catholicos Karekin II declared 2003 the Year of Holy Etchmiadzin. Concurrently with the deportation of up to 350,000 Armenians into Persia by Shah Abbas I as part of the scorched earth policy during the war with the Ottoman Empire,[73][74] Etchmiadzin was plundered in 1604. Leaders of several countries, such as Russia (Vladimir Putin in 2005),[189] France (Jacques Chirac in 2006[190] and Nicolas Sarkozy in 2011),[191][192] Georgia (Mikheil Saakashvili in 2004,[193] Giorgi Margvelashvili in 2014),[194] Romania (Emil Constantinescu in 1998),[195] Lebanon (Michel Aoun, 2018),[196] Germany (Angela Merkel, 2018),[197][198] and royalty, such as Nicholas I of Russia (1837),[199] King Mahendra of Nepal (1958),[200] Prince Charles (2013)[201] have visited the cathedral as part of their state or private visits to Armenia. Click here to learn more or control your settings. [7], During these centuries of neglect, the cathedral's "condition deteriorated so badly"[67] that it prompted the prominent archbishop Stepanos Orbelian to write one of his most notable poems, "Lament on Behalf of the Cathedral" ("Ողբ ի դիմաց Կաթողիկէին" Voğb i dimats Katoğikein) in 1300. Quant au site archéologique, il est complètement authentique, car il se compose uniquement de vestiges fouillés sur 31 structures disparues. [136][137], In the 19th century, during an architectural revival that looked back to Armenia's past, the plan of Etchmiadzin Cathedral began to be directly copied in new Armenian churches. [151] Catholicos Vazgen I called Etchmiadzin "Solomon's Temple of Armenians. At the end of 1918, there were about 70,000 refugees in the Etchmiadzin district. Een type kerk dat een grote invloed heeft gehad op de architectonische en artistieke ontwikkeling in de regio. [2] Engraved on the exterior of the edifice are decorative geometric and floral patterns as well as blind arcades and medallions depicting saints. Architecture researcher Vahagn Grigoryan. Continue your visit to www.tripadvisor.com, Private tour to Echmiadzin (st Gayane, Hripsime, Mother Cathedral), Zvartnots. La troisième zone, qui comprend le site archéologique de Zvartnots, avec les ruines du temple, le palais du catholicos et d’autres constructions, occupe environ 18,8 ha. The Etchmiadzin Cathedral is in a city bearing the same name which is the spiritual centre of Armenia. Lettres sur le Caucase et la Crimée. [107], Etchmiadzin revived under Catholicos Vazgen I since the period known as the Khrushchev Thaw in the mid-1950s, following Stalin's death. [38] During this century, belfries were added to many Armenian churches. [53], According to Faustus of Byzantium, the cathedral and the city of Vagharshapat were almost completely destroyed during the invasion of Persian King Shapur II in the 360s[57] (circa 363). The Cathedral has since been enlarged several times. [59], In 450, in an attempt to impose Zoroastrianism on Armenians, Sasanian King Yazdegerd II built a fire temple inside the cathedral. [116] According to Mack Chahin the cathedral's building is of "immense architectural interest, especially because of the many alterations and additions that have been made to it since its foundation. Etchmiadzin (en arménien Էջմիածին) ou Vagharchapat (Վաղարշապատ, nom officiel mais rarement utilisé) est une ville d'Arménie située à une vingtaine de kilomètres d'Erevan. [128] Shahkhatunian[129] and Ghevont Alishan suggested that these reliefs were created before the invention of the Armenian alphabet in 405. No entry fee. [62] At this time, cells for monks, a guesthouse and other structures were built around the cathedral. Ask mariannefadel about Echmiadzin Monastery, Ask AlanofLondon about Echmiadzin Monastery, This site is about the cathedral not the monastery, Hotels near The Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots, Hotels near Echmiadzin Historical & Ethnographic Museum, Hotels near Haybusak University of Yerevan, Echmiadzin Historical & Ethnographic Museum, The Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots, Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury House Museum, Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Points of Interest & Landmarks in Vagharshapat. [38] Portions of the northern and eastern walls of the original building have survived. Elle a été détruite au Xe siècle, vraisemblablement par un tremblement de terre. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Они наглядно иллюстрируют развитие и совершенствование армянских церквей крестово-купольного типа, оказавших основополагающее влияние на архитектуру и искусство этого региона. [86], On 13 April 1827, during the Russo-Persian War (1826–28), Etchmiadzin was captured by the Russian General Ivan Paskevich's troops without fight and was formally annexed by Russia, with the Persian-controlled parts of Armenia, roughly corresponding to the territory of the modern Republic of Armenia (also known as Eastern Armenia), according to the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay. [38] The renovations resumed under Catholicos Pilippos (1632–55), who built new cells for monks and renovated the roof. Diminished during the early Soviet period, Etchmiadzin revived again in the second half of the twentieth century, and under independent Armenia.[2]. It was restored under Toros Toramanian's supervision in what was the first case of restoration of an architectural monument in Soviet Armenia. Worth a visit. This site uses cookies to improve your experience, to enhance site security and to show you personalised advertising. 387–439). The original church was built in the early fourth century[33]—between 301 and 303 according to tradition—by Armenia's patron saint Gregory the Illuminator, following the adoption of Christianity as a state religion by King Tiridates III. 'Monuments d'architecture en Géorgie et en Arménie' 47.jpg, Grimm. Des recherches scientifiques, des mesures de réhabilitation et de consolidation, et des mesures préventives ont été engagées pour aider le bien à faire face aux difficultés qui vont se poser au fil du temps à ses principaux édifices et dans les limites du site et pour veiller à maintenir son authenticité. [127] These reliefs have been dated by various authors between the first and sixth centuries. [2][38] In 982 the cross of the cathedral was reportedly removed by an Arab emir. Private tour to Echmiadzin (st Cathedral), Zvartnots, Khor Virap, Garni,... Etchmiadzin Cathedral is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia, and just outside of Yerevan. Un narthex à trois travées a été construit en 1683 le long de la façade occidentale de l’église et comporte à ses extrémités nord et sud deux chapelles dédiées aux Apôtres Pierre et Paul. 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Le sépulcre voûté de Sainte-Gaïané la Vierge est situé sous l’abside principale, dans laquelle on entre par la sacristie située au sud-est. [38], The Russian Empire gradually penetrated Transcaucasia by the early 19th century. Private tour: Echmiadzin and Zvartnots Temple. The Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin is one of the oldest churches in the world. Publications Revue du Patrimoine mondial Séries Manuels de référence Carte murale Plus de publications ... Fonds Fonds du patrimoine mondial Assistance internationale, More Contacts Plan du site Devenir membre Donnez maintenant, © UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial 1992-2020 Elle possède de beaux témoignages de la sculpture arménienne chrétienne avec par exemple un bas-relief représentant saint Paul et sainte Thècle ainsi que des oiseaux et une croix. Ces éléments décoratifs étaient très courants dans l’architecture arménienne à partir de la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle. UNESCO World Heritage Site. Le rempart du monastère a été ajouté plus tard. Monastère de Gherart et la Haute vallée de l'Azat (2000). The Holy See's official magazine resumed publication in 1944, while the seminary was reopened in September 1945. Sa beauté dépend essentiellement de ses proportions. Ancient, medieval, and historical Armenian churches and monasteries, "Այժմյան գմբեթը հետագա (հավանաբար XVII դար) վերակառուցման արգասիք է:". La cathédrale et les églises d'Etchmiadzine, ainsi que les vestiges archéologiques de Zvarnotz illustrent de manière vivante l'évolution et l'épanouissement de l'église-halle arménienne à coupole centrale et plan cruciforme, qui ont profondément influencé le développement architectural et artistique de cette région. [80], Since 1627, the cathedral underwent major renovation under Catholicos Movses (Moses), when the dome, ceiling, roof, foundations and paving were repaired. Les églises qui font partie du bien témoignent clairement de l’implantation du christianisme en Arménie et de l’évolution d’une architecture ecclésiastique arménienne unique. [62] According to Hewsen the bell is of Tibetian origin with a Buddhist inscription, "probably the long-forgotten gift of some Mongol or Ilkhanid khan.

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